Abstract:
To investigate long-term results all patients with a malignant tumor in the oral cavity and oropharynx, who were treated from 1982 to 1991 at the ENT Clinic in Tübingen, were recorded. A total of 609 patients have been included in the analysis.
Separated into four tumor regions the 5-year survival rates were identified and brought in correlation with the initial diagnosis and the various therapeutic regimens.
Among the tumors a total increase in incidence can be noticed. It shows a tendency of forward displacement of the moment of diagnosis; regarding the extension of primary tumors no significant differences can be found between older and younger patients.
The male sex is a positive predictive value for the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas, as well as deterioration in survival probability: Harmful pollutants such as alcohol and smoking play a significant role. The survival rates are hardly depenendent on gender and age.
With regard to low histological differentiation a negative predictive value can not be derived, however, the prognostic significance of lymph node involvement at first diagnosis is obvious.
Moreover, the survival rate is reduced with increasing tumor spread; but there was no significant difference between the individual T-stages. Therefore a decreased survival rate cannot solely be attributed to the used therapy mode.
The significantly poorer prognosis of extensive tumors is directly related to the risk for the development of distant metastases.
Because of the mainly lymphatic metastases the implementation of a neck dissection is therefore not only a therapeutic but also an important prognostic factor.
In recent years, the surgical radical measures can increasingly be waived in favor of surgical techniques, which preserve anatomic structures.
In contrast to patients with cancer in the oropharynx and oral cavity, in the treatment of patients with carcinoma of the floor of mouth, a significant difference in survival times was evident, and favors a treatment by means of a functional neck dissection (FND). Compared with a radical neck dissection (RND) preference should be given to a functional neck dissection (FND).
Finally, on the registered survival for patients with cancer in the oropharynx and floor of the mouth, there exists no significant difference. No treatment regimen is preferable. On the other hand, surgery in combination with an adjuvant therapy generally improves survival.
In the group of patients with cancer of the mouth a significant difference in median survival time exists for surgery and the additional use of another form of therapy (radiotherapy / chemotherapy), compared with a solitary surgery or radiotherapy. In the end, surgery with subsequent adjuvant therapy should be preferred.
Finally, in the group of patients with cancer in the aera of the tongue a significant difference in the various treatment regimens was found: In these
patients, surgical treatment and a combined treatment approach (surgery and adjunctive therapy) should be preferred over the implementation of a single radiation therapy or chemotherapy alone.
Generally, a benefit of surgical treatment in combination with adjuvant therapy can be postulated. Treatment with surgery alone is more negative for the prognosis. Although a sole surgical treatment of advanced locoregional tumor extension, for example, shows good results, the 5-year survival rates are significantly reduced. Therefore in patients with lymph node metastases or poorly differentiated tumors, an adjuvant therapy is indicated if possible. In the postoperative treatment adjuvant radiation therapy plays the central role.
Overall, it appears that the chosen method of therapy only partially affects survival, relapse frequency and the appearance of distant metastases in a significant way. However, relapse-free survival can positively be influenced in particular by the adjuvant therapies.