Abstract:
While private actors of the international system like non-government organizations, to multinational groups, but also terrorists and warlords is given a lot of attention, the activities of operating mercenary's companies remained up to now widely unnoticed. But not only in today's Iraq private security service providers and military service providers play an important role, already since the end of the cold war their importance strongly increases.
This Working Paper examines the up to now not closer followed question, why and under which conditions democratic governments use mercenary's companies for the reaching of foreign-policy purposes. One of the most important (liberal) theories of the international relations, the theory of democratic peace, shall be applied. Moreover the following main hypothesis is formulated in the investigation after a derivation: "If elective governments pursue foreign-policy purposes which are connected with high financial, military and political costs or risks, but national power and security interests are not touched, then they will renounce the delegation of their armed forces, and the application of mercenary's companies gets likely.“
After a discussion of the method problems the hypothesis is checked in two case studies to the application of private mercenary's companies in Bosnia and Sierra Leone.
The hypothesis could be acknowledged by the case studies. In both cases the independent variables (strategical importance of the conflict, costs and risks of an intervention) unfolded a high explanation strength and in particular of the fear of the political costs an important importance seems to come up. The hypothesis has proved itself absolutely. However, their reach must be limited in double regard: Once on the conflicts similar to civil war which are afflicted from low strategical importance, at the same time, however, with high military and political risks, to the other on the Anglo-American "world", because the application of private military service providers is documented up to now only for the USA and the United Kingdom, but not for other comparable democracies. This remarkable variance within the democratic camp could not be examined in the present work, however, a more thorough investigation is necessary.