Abstract:
The current trend of increasing antibiotic resistance and the decreasing number of effective
antibiotics is becoming an ongoing risk for the healthcare system, as it could
reverse medical progress in the treatment of infections. Therefore, the issue is not only
addressed by the World Health Organization (WHO), but also in a variety of national
action plans. This dissertation examines various approaches that can help to reverse
the current trend and is divided into three sections, the results of which are presented
in publications.
The first section, which comprises the main part of the thesis, demonstrates a rapid,
phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test, the results of which are a prerequisite for the
responsible and effective use of approved antibiotics, so that they retain their efficacy
in the long term. Particular attention was given to bloodstream infections and the time
from sampling to result, which is several days with current standard clinical procedures.
The developed test reduces this time to 5-10 hours, allowing the administration
of broad-spectrum antibiotics to be reduced to the initial dose.
In the second section, antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting coatings were synthesized
using chitosan as a model and characterized for possible application in the field of
wound healing or implant coating. This local therapeutic approach enables more efficient
treatment and conserves existing antibiotics by reducing or even eliminating the
need for systemic antibiotics.
In the third section, glycomimetics were examined for their suitability as adjuvants. The
evaluated carbasugar precursors showed considerable potential in the areas of biofilm
inhibition and bacterial resensitization, properties that give hope for significant progress
in the treatment of chronic wounds in particular. For clinical application, however, the
tested glycomimetics would need to be further optimized, both in terms of effectiveness
and the specificity of the target with a known mechanism.
Each of the sections investigated contributes to maintaining effective antibiotics in the
healthcare system and slowing the emergence of new resistances. The synergistic
effects of these approaches in combination with the ones of other and future scientific
studies have the potential to reverse the existing trend of rising antibiotic resistance
and dwindling number of effective antibiotics. The increasing implementation of the intention
expressed in many country-specific "One Health" concepts to apply measures
for the targeted and effective administration of antibiotics gives cause for optimism for
the future treatment of bacterial infections.