Abstract:
Fluorescent organic molecules have found tremendous interest in modern photonics, sensing, and life sciences due to their sensitivity to the local chemical and photonic nano-environment. However, understanding the underlying photochemical and photophysical mechanisms remains challenging, as conventional ensemble spectroscopic methods often obscure critical details arising from inherent structural heterogeneity and dynamic processes. Single-molecule spectroscopy overcomes these limitations by directly probing the individual molecular behaviors in complex nano-environments.
In this thesis, a spectroscopic-computational framework is established, centered on a fundamental study of single-molecule tautomerization in the prototypical organic dye: hypericin. Tautomerization, driven by proton migration via quantum tunneling, leads to interconversion between distinct structural isomers (tautomers). By combining polarization-resolved single-molecule confocal microscopy with quantum-chemical calculations, this methodology allows the spatial determination of transition dipole moments (TDMs) and the unambiguous identification of individual tautomeric species. Furthermore, the tautomerization rates can be tailored both chemically, via different polymer hosts and isotope effects, and photonically, using a lambda/2 Fabry-Pérot microcavity.
Beyond hypericin, this combined spectroscopic-computational methodology is successfully extended to two further applications: (i) investigating complex excited-state photokinetics in a stimulus-responsive donor-acceptor-donor (DADn) system, and (ii) elucidating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in rhodamine 6G (R6G) confined within nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) geometries. These case studies highlight the versatility and robustness of this approach, offering valuable insights into the design of functional molecular systems and paving the way for broader applications in nano-photonics, including but not limited to SERS and related optical platforms