Abstract:
Introduction Different health care systems across the world are confronted with three main challenges: an increasing burden of multimorbidity combined with an aging society and an unmet need for GPs (general practitioners).14-16, 19 By being first point of contact, providing a comprehensive range of health care services and having a coordinating function, PC (Primary care) can be a central part of the answer.34 Patient satisfaction, especially in a qualitative manner, was studied least often, when the quality of PC was examined.49 By comparing patient satisfaction in different international health systems in an open-ended, qualitative manner, we aimed to derive insights about health care structures and answer the question, whether patients can describe their requirements and whether there is a link to structural conditions. Patients and methods From December 2019 to April 2021, we contacted GPs from different areas and asked them to recruit potential interview partners. Because of their pathway through various institutions of the health care system, stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) during the past year or heart failure were inclusion criteria. We excluded patients with a psychiatric disease.30, 31, 62 22 Patients from Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and Jersey were interviewed, using a semi-structured guideline. There was one drop-out in Germany. The overall male to female ratio was relatively balanced with thirteen men and nine women with an average age of 74 years. Significantly more patients with MI than patients with stroke participated. Data saturation was achieved through structured interviews.63 For analysing the transcribed interviews, a code system was developed in a mixed deductive inductive way, consisting of eight main categories and 85 subcategories.53 Results As far as our research question is concerned, it can be answered as follows:Patients' perceptions of their care process in and after acute incidents such as 117 MI and stroke can provide information about the quality of their care process and can also be partially related to structural characteristics of a health care system. Health care processes in general were considered as positive if a flow of information was accomplished in a lay-friendly and family involving way. Non- physician staff can create reassurance and provide the patient with the feeling of having an available contact person in the background. Longitudinal continuity in the context of trust, a sense of security, and a long-lasting doctor-patient relationship was perceived as positive. A shortage of continuative offers following acute treatment such as heart sport groups, self-help groups and physiotherapy, as well as the provision of information and education about it was criticized by patients. It was conspicuous, that especially in Germany poorer communication between PC physicians and specialists as well as worse informational continuity was bemoaned. Discussion and conclusions Since patients' experience can provide important information but has been underrepresented to date49, it will be extremely important to strengthen this research in the future. This does not only apply to the care processes after MI and stroke but may very well be transferred to other areas of health care. Furthermore, international comparison can expand information about patients' preferences in relation to healthcare organization. Recommendations could be addressed to health policy and decision-makers. Besides that, the following conclusions were derived. The flow of information between patients and physicians should be maintained by the use of lay-friendly explanations and the provision of information about all steps towards patients as well as their relatives.65, 67 This can be improved through communication training of physicians.67 As GPs as a first point of contact can be a delaying factor in emergency situations93, 94, the education of patients regarding emergency symptoms is important.93-95 The flow of information between different health care providers should be maintained in order to enhance informational continuity. Especially vulnerable patient groups value informational continuity, which can lead to higher patient satisfaction, trust and security.78 Thus, the introduction of an electronic health record in Germany seems to be a 118 reasonable step.6, 78 Non-physician staff can function as a low threshold and trusted contact point for patients71-74, can relief the need for more guidance within the health care system45 and can play a role in view of the increasing GP shortage.68, 69, 75 Needed professions would be APNs within GP practices serving as an easy, highly trusted contact person71-74, as well as health pilots, acting independent of GP practices and assisting the patient with advice, guidance, and information.45, 77 Above that, the density of health promoting offers, for example cardiac (sport) groups could be increased by relying on non-physician staff.84, 87, 88 Primary health care centers can offer various advantages. It seems to make sense to educate teams as a whole. In this context, the role of core coordinators arises. Having a core coordinator, who knows the patient and can guide him or her through the system, can have a positive impact on patients' experiences 82, 83 With the GP as a core coordinator, interpersonal continuity could be strengthened, which in turn can create trust and security and is favored especially by chronically and seriously ill patients.78, 79 As short access routes to health care offers were reported to be a relief and long ones a burden, primary health care centers could improve patient satisfaction by saving patients travel time due to the unification of several providers at one location.90 Waiting times for GP and specialist appointments were rather satisfactory in our study in Germany, while Jersey and Swedish patients felt highly affected from long waiting times. As waiting times are also the main reason for unmet health care needs in Germany and thus play an important role in accessing health care91, they should always be observed.