Abstract:
Quantum chromodynamics is the theory of the strong interaction, one of the three fundamental forces in the standard model of particle physics. Alongside factorization, it is crucial for our current understanding of the inner structure of matter at the level of its elementary building blocks, the quarks and gluons, and their interactions. Accelerator experiments, in which subatomic particles such as protons or electrons collide at high energies, have proven to be indispensable tools in researching the strong interaction and validating quantum chromodynamics. A remarkably intriguing observable is the transverse single-spin asymmetry, after experiments in the 1970s revealed that, contrary to expectations at the time, it is not vanishingly small. Since then, both, theoretical and experimental advancements, have significantly expanded our understanding, and two mechanisms explaining the large transverse single-spin asymmetries are nowadays known. The thesis on hand delves into one of the two specific mechanisms, focusing on the so-called twist-3 contributions in the formalism of collinear factorization. Within this framework, non-vanishing asymmetries are attributed to higher-order parton-parton correlation functions, as opposed to the more commonly employed parton distribution and fragmentation functions. However, despite the immense advancements over the past decades, much remains unknown about the observable in higher orders of perturbation theory. Thus, the aim of this work is to take a step towards a deeper understanding of the higher order corrections, particularly at next-to-leading order. In order to achieve this, the transverse single-spin asymmetry in the inclusive production of a single hadron in lepton-nucleon scattering is investigated, assuming that the incoming nucleon is transversely spin-polarized. Higher order corrections for such processes will gain importance, especially with regards to the forthcoming electron-ion collider. Furthermore, the process serves as an excellent opportunity to learn more about the necessary procedures and techniques in order to successfully determine the observable as it introduces new challenges through complex mathematical structures, that surpass those found in more conventional twist-2 considerations. Similar challenges are also anticipated to emerge in nucleon-nucleon scattering processes as well. Conversely, unlike nucleon-nucleon scattering, the structure of this process remains relatively simple, and the effort required is
manageable due to the smaller number of distinct contributions.