Abstract:
The dissertation analyses the several historical and contemporary definitions and theories of addiction, along with the therapeutic strategies to which they give rise.
The differing explanatory models offered by various sciences influence the understanding of addiction, and thereby exercise a determining effect on the forms of assistance given to addicts and the behaviour of society towards them.
The dissertation shows that scientific notions of addiction are not only based upon empirical data, but also involve specific moral values and judgements. These are often incorporated, in the form of presuppositions or fundamental notions of human nature, in individual theories of addiction.
The mixture of facts with values and ethical principles impedes a rational engagement with the problem of addiction. The different explanations of addiction on the one hand, and the recourse to different principles on the other hand, lead in practice to ethical problems. The dissertation considers especially the problematic definition of disease and free will
within discussion of addiction. Through reference to individual problems in addiction therapy, the dissertation shows that an ethical consideration of addiction is able to provide both a rational basis for, and more transparency in the discussion concerning the appropriate response to drugs and drug consumers.
An ethics of addiction is thus informed by practical, clinically applied medical ethics, by the ethics of the individual and by the collective perspective of social ethics.
An ethics of addiction can also provide, however, a new approach to this phenomenon, in that it both demands a reconsideration of the aims of addiction therapy, and offers, through its various methods, interdisciplinary suggestions for the resolution of specific conflicts.
This aspect of the dissertation draws upon John Rawls' theory of justice and Harry Frankfurt's concept of freedom.